Abstract
windowing toolkit (awt)
Windows Operating System -î¢î¤ô¢ ï£ñ¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢¶ñ¢ ܬù
ªñù¢ªð£¼÷¢
è÷¤½ñ¢ Textbox,
Combobox, Radio Button, Push Button, Menu, Window
ºîô£ù
GUI
Component-è¬÷ ªè£í¢´ ޼袰ñ¢. Þî¢î¬è«ò Componentè
¬÷
ï£ñ¢ Java
¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ ⿶õîø¢° Þï¢î Abstract Windowing ToolKit
(AWT) âù¢Âñ¢
Package
ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. Þù¤ Þï¢î Component -è¬÷ ªè£í¢´
ê¤ô Applet -è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢èô£ñ¢.
Listing 3.2
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class student extends Applet
{
Label lbl_sname=new Label(“Student Name”);
TextField txt_sname=new TextField(20);
Label lbl_course=new Label(“Course Name”);
Choice cho_course=new Choice();
Label lbl_sex=new Label(“Sex”);
CheckboxGroup sex_grp=new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox male=new Checkbox(“Male”,sex_grp,true);
Checkbox female=new Checkbox(“Female”,sex_grp,false);
Label lbl_time=new Label(“Time Prefered”);
List lst_time=new List();
Label lbl_mop=new Label(“Mode Of Payment (Net/Install)”);
Checkbox chk_mop=new Checkbox();
GridLayout abc=new GridLayout(5,2);
Panel sex_pan=new Panel();
49
public void init()
{
sex_pan.add(male);
sex_pan.add(female);
cho_course.addItem(“Java”);
cho_course.addItem(“Visual Basic”);
cho_course.addItem(“HTML”);
cho_course.addItem(“XML”);
lst_time.addItem(“Moring”);
lst_time.addItem(“Afternoon”);
lst_time.addItem(“Evening”);
lst_time.addItem(“Night”);
setLayout(abc);
add(lbl_sname);
add(txt_sname);
add(lbl_course);
add(cho_course);
add(lbl_sex);
add(sex_pan);
add(lbl_time);
add(lst_time);
add(lbl_mop);
add(chk_mop);
}
}
Þï¢îð¢
¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ ºîô¤ô¢ ï£ñ¢ awt ñø¢Áñ¢ Applet Ýè¤ò Package -
è¬÷ import ªêò¢î¤¼è¢è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢.
public class student extends Applet
âù¢Á
ªè£´î¢î¤¼ð¢ðîù¢ Íôñ¢ student class Ýù¶ å¼ Applet Ýè
ªêòô¢ð´ñ¢ñ£Á
Inheritance
ªêò¢òð¢ð좮¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶.
Label lbl_sname = new Label(‘Student
Name’);
TextField txt_sname = new
TextField(20);
âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮ò¤¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þ颰 Label ñø¢Áñ¢ TextField
ºîô¤òù
awt -ò¤ô¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø class -è÷¢ Ý°ñ¢. new operator -ø¤¬ùð¢
ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤
Þï¢î class
-èÀ袰ø¤ò Object ´è¬÷
à¼õ£è¢è¤ò¤¼è¢è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢.
lbl_sname ñø¢Áñ¢ txt_sname Ýè¤òù º¬ø«ò Label ñø¢Áñ¢ TextField
Ýè¤òõø¢ø¤ù¢
Object
-´è÷¢ Ý°ñ¢.
Label class -¬ìò Object -®¬ùð¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤ ïñ袰
«õí¢®ò Text
-è¬÷ display ªêò¢¶ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢. Ü«î«ð£ô¢ TextField class-ù¢ Object -¬ùð¢
ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤
ïñ袰 «õí¢®ò ñî¤ð¢¹è¬÷ Keyboard -®ô¢ ޼
à÷¢÷¦´è÷£èð¢
ªðø¢Áè¢ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢. ï£ñ¢ ܬìð¢¹è¢ °ø¤è¢°÷¢ ªè£´è¢è¤ù¢ø
ñî¤ð¢¹è¬÷
Üï¢îï¢î class-è÷¤ù¢ Constructor function -ø¢°ê¢ ªêô¢½ñ¢ Parameter
ñî¤ð¢¹è÷¢
Ý°ñ¢.
ܴ
Choice
cho_course = new choice( ); âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢
èõù¤»é¢è÷¢.
Þ¶ Combo
Box ¬ù ªè£í¢´ õ¼õîø¢è¢°ó¤ò class Ý°ñ¢.
Þï¢î cho_course âù¢Âñ¢ Choice -ô¢ ïñ袰 «õí¢®ò Item -è÷¢ õó «õí¢´ñ¢
Üô¢ôõ£? Üîø¢° Choice class -ù¢ à÷¢ addItem âù¢Âñ¢ method åù¢Á
à÷¢÷¶.
Üî¬ùð¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤è¢ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢. init( ) function -ù¤ô¢
cho_course (‘Java’);
cho_course(‘Visual Basic’);
âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þ¬õ ¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¢ Þò颰ñ¢
ªð£¿¶
Combo
box-ù¢ à÷¢ õõ¤´ñ¢ âù¢ðî¬ù 郎ùõ¤ô¢
ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢.
ܴ
CheckboxGroup sex_grp = new
CheckboxGroup ( );
Checkbox male = new Checkbox (‘Male’,
sex_grp, true);
Checkbox Female = new Checkbox (‘Female’,
sex_grp, false);
âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»éè÷¢. ªð£¶õ£è Checkbox âù¢ð¶
Ýñ¢ /
Þô¢¬ô ºîô¤ò Þóí¢®ô¢ ãî£õ¶ åù¢ø¤¬ù ªîó¤¾ ªêò¢»ñ¢ð®ò£è
ܬñï¢î¤¼è¢°ñ¢
Object
-è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢°õîø¢°ð¢ ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. Þ«î
Checkbox class àìù¢ CheckboxGroup âù¢Âñ¢ class -¬ù Þ¬í袰ñ¢ ªð£¿¶
ïñ袰
Radio
Button-è÷¢ à¼õ£è¢è¤ù¢øù. Þï¢î𢠹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ Male, Female
Ýè¤ò
Þóí¢´ Radio
Button -è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢°ñ¢ ªð£¼ì¢´ sex_grp âù¢Âñ¢
CheckboxGroup à¼õ£è¢èð¢ð좴 Üî¬ùè¢ ªè£í¢´ Þóí¢´ Checkbox Objectè÷¢
à¼õ£è¢èð¢
ð좴÷¢÷ù. Þõø¢ø¤ô¢ åù¢ø¤ô¢ True âù¢Áñ¢ ñø¢ªø£ù¢ø¤ô¢
false âù¢Âñ¢
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮´÷¢÷¶. True âù¢Á ªè£´î¢î£ô¢ Üï¢î Radio
Button Ýù£¶ Selection -ù¤ô¢ ޼袰ñ¢ âù¢Á𢠪ð£¼÷¢.
ܴ
List
lst_time = new List( ); âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢
èõù¤»é¢è÷¢.
Þ¶ Listitem
âù¢Áñ¢ õ¬èò¤¬ùê¢ ê£ó¢ï¢î Object -è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢°
õîø¢è¢è£èð¢
ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. Þï¢î õ¬è Object -è÷¤½ñ¢ «õí¢®ò Item -
è¬÷
à¼õ£è¢è¤è¢ ªè£÷¢÷ addItem method Ýù¶ ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. init ( )
function ù¤ô¢
lst_time.addItem(‘Morning’);
lst_time.addItem(‘Afternoon’) ;
âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þ¶õ¬ó ï£ñ¢ Label, TextField,
Choice, Checkbox, CheckboxGroup ºîô¤ò awt class -è¬÷ð¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤ âõ¢õ£Á
object -è¬÷
à¼õ£è¢°õ¶ âù¢Á ð£ó¢î¢«î£ñ¢. Þõ¢õ£Á Object -è÷¢ à¼õ£è¢èð¢
ðì¢ì¾ì«ù«ò
ܬõ Applet
Screen -ô¢ ªîó¤ï¢¶ õ¤ì£¶. Üõø¢¬ø ï£ñ¢
º¬øò£è
Applet
-´ìù¢ Þ¬íè¢è «õí¢´ñ¢. Þîø¢° add( ) âù¢Âñ¢ function
ðòù¢
ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. ï£ñ¢ âî¢î¬ù Object -è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢è¤ù£½ñ¢ ܬõ Screen
-ô¢ ªîó¤ò «õí¢´ñ¢ âù¢ø£ô¢
Üîø¢° add
function -¬ù è좮òñ£è ðòù¢ð´î¢î
«õí¢´ñ¢
âù¢ 郎ùõ¤ô¢ ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢. ïñ¢º¬ìò ¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢
add(1bs_sname);
add(txt_sname);
add(lbl_course);
add(cho_course);
âù¢Á
à¼õ£è¢èð¢ðì¢ì ܬù object -èÀñ¢ add function -ù¤ù¢ õö¤ò£è
º¬øò£è
Applet
-®ù¢ à÷¢ Þ¬íè¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þù¢Âñ¢
Þï¢îð¢
¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ Þóí¢´ õ¤êòé¢è÷¢ èõù¤è¢èð¢ðì¢ì «õí¢®ò¤¼è¢è¤ù¢øù.
ܬõ GridLayout ñø¢Áñ¢ Panel Ýè¤ò¬õè÷£°ñ¢.
ªð£¶õ£è
Java -õ¤ô¢ Object -è¬÷ º¬øò£è align ªêò¢õîø¢è¢ªèù¢Á
Layout âù¢ø¬öè¢èð¢ð´ñ¢
å¼ Ü¬ñ𢹠޼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶. 5 õ¬èò£ù Layout -
è÷¢ Java õ¤ô¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢øù. Üõø¢ø¤ô¢ åù¢Á î£ù¢ Þï¢î GridLayout Ý°ñ¢.
Þï¢î
¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢
GridLayout abc = new GridLayout(5,2);
âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þï¢î Layout -®¬ùð¢
ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤
ïñ¢º¬ìò ¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ âî¢î¬ù row ñø¢Áñ¢ column -è÷¢ Þ¼è¢è
«õí¢´ñ¢
âù¢ðî¬ù õ¬óò¤¼è¢èô£ñ¢. Üîù¢ð® Þ颰 5 row -èÀñ¢ 2
Column -èÀñ¢
õ¼ñ£¼ õ®õ¬ñè¢èð ¢ð좮¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶. Þ¶ «ð£ù¢Á
à¼õ£è¢èð¢ð´ñ¢
Layout
-è÷¢Effect Ýè «õí¢´ñ¢ âù¢ø£ô¢ Üî£õ¶
Þòé¢è
«õí¢´ñ¢
âù¢ø£ô¢ SetLayout(
) âù¢Âñ¢ function -¬ù ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤ âï¢î
Layout Ýù¶
Þòé¢è «õí¢´ñ¢ âù¢Á ªê£ô¢ô «õí¢´ñ¢. Üîù¢ð® init( )
function -ù¤ô¢ SetLayout(abc) âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢.
Þï¢î function ªè£´è¢èð¢ðì¢ì ð¤ù¢î£ù¢ add function-è÷¢ ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좴÷¢÷ù
âù¢ðî¬ù
èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Üî£õ¶ Object ´è÷¢ Screen -ô¢ ªîó¤»ñ¢ ªð£¿¶
âîï¢î
Object
-è¬÷ ºîô¤ô¢ add ªêò¢è¤ù¢«ø£«ñ£ Üï¢î
õó¤¬êò¤ô¢ 5
Row
-è÷¤ô¢,å¼ Row -õ¤ø¢° 2 Column-è÷¢ âù¢ø õ¤è¤î¢î¤ô¢ Align Ýè¤õ¤´ñ¢.
Þ¼î¤ò£è
Panel
sex_Pan = new Panel ( ) âù¢Á
ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢
ðø¢ø¤è¢
è£í¢«ð£ñ¢. Panel-è÷¢ âùð¢ð´¬õ ñ¤è¾ñ¢
ðòÂ÷¢÷ Object-è÷¢ Ý°ñ¢.
å¼ Panel -ù¢ à÷¢ ðô¢«õÁ Object -è¬÷ Group ªêò¢¶ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢. Þõ¢õ£Á
ðô¢«õÁ
Object
-è¬÷ ï£ñ¢ å¼ Panel Object -®ù¢ à÷¢ Group ªêò¢¶ õ¤ì¢ì
ð¤ø°
Üï¢î Panel
-¬ù ñ좴ñ¢ ï£ñ¢ Þòè¢è¤ù£ô¢ «ð£¶ñ£ù¶.
Þï¢î
¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ ïñ¢º¬ìò ܬù Object -´èÀñ¢ Þóí¢´
Þóí¢´
Column
-è÷£è õó¤¬êò£è Align Ýè «õí¢®ò¤¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶.
Üõ¢õ£Á
޼袰ñ¢
ªð£¿¶ Sex
âù¢Á display ªêò¢õîø¢°ø¤ò Label Object-ñ¢ Ü«î
«ïóî¢î¤ô¢
Male ñø¢Áñ¢ Female Ýè¤ò Þóí¢´ Radio Button -èÀñ¢ Ýè «êó¢î¢¶
ªñ£î¢îñ¢
Íù¢Á Object-
èÀñ¢ å«ó row õ¤ù¤ô¢ Align Ýè «õí¢´ñ¢. Ýù£ô¢
ïñ¢º¬ìò
GridLayout
º¬øò¤«ô£ 5, 2 âù¢ø õ¬èò¤ô¢ å«ó column -î¢î¤ô¢
õó
º®ò£¶. âù«õ ï£ñ¢ Male ñø¢Áñ¢ Female Ýè¤ò Þóí¢´ Object -è¬÷»ñ¢
sex_pan âù¢Âñ¢
Panel åù¢ø¤¬ù à¼õ£è¢è¤ ÜîÂ÷¢ add ªêò¢¶ õ¤´è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢.
Üî£õ¶
sex_pan.add(Female);
âù¢Á ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좮¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢.
Þõ¢õ£Á
Panel à¼õ£è¢è¤ò ð¤ù¢¹ Üï¢î Panel -¬ù ñ좴ñ¢ add ªêò¢¶ õ¤ì¢ì£ô¢
«ð£¶ñ£ù¶.
âù«õî£ù¢ add(sex_pan);
âù¢Á ªè£´î¢î¤¼è¢è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢.
Þï¢î
º¿ ¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤¬ù»ñ¢ Type ªêò¢¶ õ¤ì¢´ student.java âù¢Á
ªðòó¤ì¢´
ð¤ù¢ ºù¢ùó¢ °ø¤ð¢ð¤ì¢ì º¬øè÷¤ô¢ Compile ªêò¢¶ õ¤´é¢è÷¢.
ܴ
student.htm
âù¢Âñ¢ file- ¬ù à¼õ£è¢è¤ Üî¤ô¢
ð¤ù¢õ¼ñ¢ õó¤è¬÷
Type ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢.
<applet code="student.class" width=500
height=200>
</applet>
Þî¬ù appletviewer
student.htm âù¢Á ªè£´î¢¶ Þòè¢è¤ð¢ பாருங்கள்
கருத்துகள் இல்லை:
கருத்துரையிடுக
குறிப்பு: இந்த வலைப்பதிவின் உறுப்பினர் மட்டுமே ஒரு கருத்துரையை வெளியிடக்கூடும்.