Modifiers

Modifiers:

ªð£¶õ£è class -¬ù ⿶ñ¢ ªð£¿¶ modifiers âù¢Á ܬöè¢èð¢ð´ñ¢

abstract, public, ñø¢Áñ¢ final ºîô£ù¬õ ðòù¢ð´î¢îð¢ð´è¤ù¢øù. 覫ö

ªè£´è¢èð¢ð좴÷¢÷ â´î¢¶è¢è£ì¢´è¬÷ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢

abstract class my_graphics

{

....

}

public final class String

{

....

}

abstract âù¢Á ªè£´è¢°ñ¢ ªð£¿¶ Üï¢î class-ù¢ à÷¢ â¿îð¢ð´ñ¢ function

åù¢ªøÂñ¢ abstract Ýè Þ¼è¢è «õí¢´ñ¢. abstract class åù¢Á Þ¼ð¢ðî£è¾ñ¢

Üî¬ùê¢ ê£ó¢ï¢¶ ðô subclass -è÷¢ Þ¼ð¢ðî£è¾ñ¢ ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢. â´î¢¶è¢

è£ì¢ì£è my_graphics âù¢ø class Ýù¶ abstract class Ýè Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶.

Üî¬ùê¢ ê£ó¢ï¶ circle, rectangle, triangle ºîô¤ò class-è÷¢ subclass-è÷£è

Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢øù. Þ¬õ ܬùî¢î¤¼è¢°ñ¢ Draw âù¢ø ªðòó¤ô¢ function-è÷¢

Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶ âù¢Á ¬õ袪è£í¢ì£ô¢, ܬõ åõ¢ªõ£ù¢Áñ¢ ªõõ¢«õÁ

«õ¬ô ªêò¢õîø¢°ð¢ ðòù¢ð´ñô¢ôõ£? Þ¶ «ð£ù¢ø êñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ ï£ñ¢ Þõø¢¬ø

abstract º¬øò¤ô¢ â¿î «õí¢´ñ¢.

final âù¢ø modifier Ýù¶ ðòù¢ð´î¢îð¢ðì¢ì£ô¢ Üï¢î class -¬ù inheritance

ªêò¢ò Þòô£¶. Üî£õ¶ Üï¢î class Ýù¶ «õÁ âï¢î class -ø¢è¢°ñ¢ superclass

Ýè ªêòô¢ðì Þòô£¶.

public âù¢ø modifier Ýù¶ ðòù¢ð´î¢îð¢ðì¢ì£ô¢ Üï¢î class -¬ù ,

«õÁ ðô ¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¢è÷¤ô¢ Þ¼ï¢¶è¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤è¢ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢.

â´î¢¶è¢è£ì¢ì£è ï£ñ¢ Java õ¤ô¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢¶ñ¢ String âù¢Âñ¢ class -¬ù

public class Ýè â¿î¤ Þ¼ð¢ðîù£ô¢ î£ù¢ ïñ¢ñ£ô¢ Üî¬ù ܬù

¹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¢è÷¤½ñ¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î º®è¤ù¢ø¶.

this ñø¢Áñ¢ super

Java õ¤ô¢ this ñø¢Áñ¢ super âù Þóí¢´ ê¤ø𢹠keyword -è÷¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢øù.

å¼ class -ù¢ à÷¢ ï£ñ¢ ðô¢«õÁ variable -è÷¢ ñø¢Áñ¢ function -è¬÷ â¿î¤

ò¤¼ð¢«ð£ñ¢. Þõø¢¬ø Üï¢î class -è÷¤ù¢ Object ´è÷¢ õö¤ò£è Þò袰è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢

Üô¢ôõ£? Üï¢î êñòé¢è÷¤ô¢ åõ¢ªõ£Á Object -ø¢è¢°ñ¢ âù¢Á îù¤î¢îù¤ò£è

variable -è÷¢ ºîô£ù¬õ à¼õ£°ñ¢. âï¢î variable âï¢î object -®Â¬ìò¶

âù¢ðî¬ù ªê£ô¢õîø¢è¢è£è this âÂñ¢ operator ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶.

Listing 2.6

class student

{

int rollno;

String name;

public void store(int rollno, String name)

{

this.rollno = rollno;

this.name = name;

}

public void display()

{

System.out.println(“Roll Number: “ + this.rollno);

System.out.println(“Name: “ + this.name);

System.out.println(“”);

}

public static void main(String arg[])

{

student nancy = new student();

38

student john = new student();

student george = new student();

nancy.store(1,”Nancy Jenifer”);

nancy.display();

john.store(2,”John Thomas”);

john.display();

george.store(3,”George Clinton”);

george.display();

}

}

Þ颰 student âù¢Âñ¢ class ô¢ õ¬óò¼è¢èð¢ð좴÷¢÷ RollNo, Name,

Ýè¤ò variable -è¬÷ Üï¢î class-ù¢ function è÷¤ô¢ this.Rollno, this.name âù¢Á

ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤ò¤¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Üî£õ¶ Student class -ø¢è¢°, ï£ñ¢ nancy,

john, george âù¢Á Íù¢Á Object -è÷¢ à¼õ£è¢è¤ò¤¼è¢è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢. Þï¢î Íù¢Á

object -´èÀ袰ñ¢ îù¤î¢îù¤ò£è Rollno, Name ºîô£ù variable-è÷¢ Þ¼ð¢ð¬î

郎ùõ¤ô¢ ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢. ï£ñ¢ nancy.store( ), john.store( ) âù¢Á õ¬èò¤ô¢

function -è¬÷ àð«ò£è¤è¢°ñ¢ ªð£¿¶, Üï¢î function -è÷¤ô¢ this.rollno, this.name

âù¢Á ªè£´î¢î¤¼ð¢ðîù¢ Íôñ¢ Üï¢îï¢î object -èÀ袰ø¤ò variable -è÷¢

ðòù¢ð´î¢îð¢ð´è¤ù¢øù.

°ø¤ð¢¹ :

Þ颰 this âù¢ð¶ ðòù¢ð´î¢îðð¢ì£õ¤ì¢ì£½ñ¢ åù¢Áñ¢ ð¤óê¢ê¬ù

Þô¢¬ô. ãªùù¤ô¢ Ü颰 Þòø¢¬èò£è«õ this operator Þ¼ð¢ðî£è Java

compiler 郎ùî¢¶î¢ ªè£÷¢Àñ¢.

super âù¢ð¶ inheritance ªêò¢»ñ¢ªð£¿¶ ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. Üî£õ¶

Child class -è÷¤ô¢ ޼ super class -ô¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø function -è¬÷

àð«ò£èð¢ð´î¢¶õîø¢° Þ¶ ðòù¢ð´è¤ù¢ø¶. °ø¤ð¢ð£è å¼ super class ô¢

constructor function Þ¼ð¢ðî£è ªè£÷¢Àé¢è÷¢. ï£ñ¢ child class -ø¢° object -

´è¬÷ à¼õ£è¢°ñ¢ ªð£¿¶ child class -ô¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø constructor function

î£ù¢ Þò颰ñ¢. Ýù£ô¢ inheritance Þ¼ð¢ðîù£ô¢ base class -ù¢ object åù¢Á

î£ù£è à¼õ£°ñ¢ function -è÷¤ø¢° ñî¤ð¢¹è¬÷ ªè£´ð¢ðîø¢° super âÂñ¢

º¬øò¤ù£ô¢ ðòù¢ð´î¢î¤è¢ ªè£÷¢÷ô£ñ¢.

Listing 2.7

39

class state

{

String state_name;

state(String tstr)

{

state_name = tstr;

}

public void state_assign(String tstr)

{

state_name = tstr;

}

public void state_display()

{

System.out.println(“State Name : “ + state_name);

}

}

class city extends state

{

String city_name;

city(String tstr)

{

super(“Tamil Nadu”);

city_name = tstr;

}

public void city_assign(String tstr)

{

city_name = tstr;

}

public void city_display()

40

{

System.out.println(“City Name : “ + city_name);

}

}

class country

{

public static void main(String arg[])

{

city chennai = new city(“Chennai”);

chennai.state_display();

chennai.city_display();

}

}

Þï¢î𢠹«ó£è¤ó£ñ¤ô¢ state ñø¢Áñ¢ city âù¢Á Þóí¢´ class -è÷¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢øù.

Þóí¢´ñ¢ inheritance º¬øò¤ô¢ Þ¬íè¢èð¢ð좮¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶. state âù¢ð¶ superclass

Ýè¾ñ¢ city âù¢ð¶ child class Ýè¾ñ¢ Þ¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶. Þóí¢´ class è÷¤½«ñ constructor

function â¿îð¢ð좮¼è¢è¤ù¢ø¶. main( ) function -ù¤ô¢ ï£ñ¢ city chennai = new city (‘chennai’)

âù¢Á ªè£´î¢¶ chennai âù¢Á å¼ Object -¬ù city âÂñ¢ class -ô¢ ޼

à¼õ£è¢°è¤ù¢«ø£ñ¢. ï£ñ¢ parameter Ýè ªè£´è¢°ñ¢ ‘Chennai’ âù¢ø ñî¤ð¢¹ city class -ù¢

constructor -¼è¢° àó¤ò¶. city class -ù¢ constructor function -ù¤ô¢ ï£ñ¢ super (‘Tamil nadu’);

âù¢Á ªè£´î¢î¤¼ð¢ð¬îè¢ èõù¤»é¢è÷¢. Þï¢î èì¢ì¬÷ super class Ýù state ¬ìò

constructor function -ø¢° ñî¤ð¢¹è¬÷è¢ ªè£´è¢è¤ù¢ø¶.